Сергей Сергеевич ВОРОЭДИН
(Sergey Sergeyeviç BOROZDİN)
This article is dedicated to the development of social-politic processes in Bukhara under Russian protectorate. During the 19th century this emirate was in condition of decline. Russian protectorate largely contributed to the preservation of backwardness, because Emir retained broad powers in the field of domestic policy. In addition, Russia feared that in case of conflict with Afghanistan Bukhara's troops will move to its side. So Imperial Politic Agent in Bukhara P. M. Lessar urged the imperial government to maintain this status quo.But under cover of stagnation seeds of update have ripened. İn the early 20th century new phenomenon has penetrated into life of Bukhara. İt was Jadidism, movement of Muslim reformation. Due to Tartar community in Bukhara first mekteb of new type in 1902 has appeared. Ancient mektebs and madrasahs, based on memorization of Koran, could not compete with ones of Jadids. Under pressure from local clergy and the Emir the new school has been closed. Gradually, between the advocates of new ideas and conservative mullahs conflict was exacerbated. Two hostile groups are formed: the conservative clergy, the Sufis and the old madrasa students on one side and supporters in the face of enlightened merchants, youth, educated in İstanbul, on the other side. All this is accompanied by increased anti-Russian sentiment. Conservatives are appealing in the first place to Afghanistan, Jadids to the Ottoman Empire. The Conservatives are preparing several anti-Russian uprising that thwarted the imperial administration. Jadids in the fight with conservatives used the printed propaganda and ideas that are distributed by them among the Bukhara's students in İstanbul. İn the early 1910s, it is clear that the ideology of Jadid begins to dominate in Bukhara. Open clash between two groups is constrained by the presence of Russian troops in the region. Subsequently, in a situation the Red Army will intervene.
Key Words: Bukhara, Jadidism, old methods, First Balkan War, Ottoman Empire, Afghanistan
