APA 7 Citation Guide

Karadeniz International Scientific Journal uses the American Psychological Association (APA) 7th edition as its citation and referencing standard. This guide includes the fundamental APA 7 rules and examples that authors can use when preparing their manuscripts.

1. General Principles

• The reference list must be arranged in alphabetical order.
• In-text citations must include the author’s surname and the publication year: (Author, Year).
• For direct quotations, page numbers must be included: (Author, Year, p. xx).
• For works with two authors, both authors must be cited in every citation: (Author1 & Author2, Year).
• For works with three or more authors, “et al.” must be used from the first citation: (Author1 et al., Year).
• For institutional authors, the name of the institution must be used.
• If there is no author, the title of the work must be used.
• If a DOI (Digital Object Identifier) is available, it must be included and presented as an active link.

2. In-text Citation Examples

• Single author: (Şentürk, 2009)
• Two authors: (Tonta & Ünal, 2005)
• Three or more authors: (Kernis et al., 1993)
• Institutional author: (Türk Dil Kurumu, 2012)
• With page number: (Şentürk, 2009, p. 45)

3. Reference Examples

3.1. Journal Articles

Single author:
Şentürk, R. (2009). Açık medeniyet ve sosyal içerme. Muhafazakâr Düşünce, 6(21–22), 41–49.

Two authors:
Tonta, Y., & Ünal, Y. (2005). Scatter of journals and literature obsolescence reflected in document delivery requests. Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology, 56(1), 84–94.

Three or more authors:
Kernis, M. H., Cornell, D. P., Sun, C. R., Berry, A., Harlow, T., & Bach, J. S. (1993). There’s more to self-esteem than whether it is high or low: The importance of stability of self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1190–1204.

DOI example:
https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.1844236

3.2. Books

Single-author book:
Alver, K. (2012). Modernleşme ve gündelik hayat. Hece Yayınları.

Two-author book:
Arslan, M., & Çetin, F. (2015). Örgütsel davranış. Beta Yayıncılık.

Edited book chapter:
Kaya, A. (2014). Türk modernleşmesi üzerine bir değerlendirme. In A. Yılmaz (Ed.), Modern Türkiye’de Sosyal Bilimler (pp. 22–35). İletişim Yayınları.

3.3. Thesis

Demir, T. (2016). Türkiye’de sosyal politika uygulamalarının dönüşümü (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Ankara University.

3.4. Web Sources

TÜİK. (2020). Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu verileri. https://data.tuik.gov.tr

3.5. Newspaper Article

Gürbüz, E. (2020, October 14). Yeni medya okuryazarlığı. Hürriyet. https://www.hurriyet.com.tr

3.6. Conference Paper

Kurt, A., & Zehir, C. (2016). The relationship between cost leadership strategy, total quality management applications and financial performance. Proceedings of the International Business Congress, 22–35.

4. Ethics and Similarity

All manuscripts are checked using similarity detection software. Similarity rates alone are not decisive; evaluation is conducted by the editor based on the nature and context of the similarity.