Vesile ŞEMŞEK
Azerbaijan, which has an important place in Turkish-Islamic history, has always been at the center of attention since the beginning of the Middle Ages in political and cultural terms. The region, which is surrounded by Lands from the North to Derbent, Zanjan in the south, the Caspian Sea in the East and the Caucasus Mountains in the West, has been of great importance in political and cultural terms throughout the historical process due to its settlement on the historical Silk Road.
Along with the Arab futuhat, Azerbaijan entered into a long process of Arab domination. As in other countries of the near and Middle East, Azerbaijan has achieved a number of achievements in the field of religion, language, literature, and history. Local sources also noted that with the arrival of the Arabs in the region, scientific and civil life of the country, in the process of conventional policy of ‘arabization’, ethno - religious and cultural structure is deteriorating, and growth stops even when the region wars in socio-economic terms, there is a series of failures. However, with the advent of the Islamic religion, in all the conquered regions, Islamic civilization becomes a widely recognized landmark in world history. However Islamic civilization is the basis of the history of medieval civilization
Islamic conguest began with the period of the "Arabs", in particular, VIII.- XI. In an era when centuries were considered a process of development of Islam, Islamic civilization experienced a "Golden age’ and a "scientific Renaissance of Muslims". Thus, it is also Known that in the General policy of conquest of Islam, in all geographical regions under the rule of the Caliphate, development is achieved in the political-economic or socio-cultural context. Indeed, historical data show that the geography of Azerbaijan, having become part of the Islamic civilization in the course of the historical process, has experienced a number of events and has made a significant contribution to the overall Islamic civilization.The ultimate goal of this study is to explain them in the context of cause-and-effect relationships, taking an approach that generally focuses on the main events and phenomena that make up the main dynamics of the period. Thus, it should make a real analysis of events, highlighting the background of political cultural approaches that occurred in the Arab era. In this regard, it is necessary to disclose the information transmitted in local sources about the social and cultural ayats, as well as about the political events taking place in Azerbaijan and futuh of the Arabs, and present it to readers, evaluating it from the point of view of the history of Turkish Islamic civilization.
Key words:religious-cultural life, art, Azerbaijan, history, Arab period, influence, literature.
